{"id":186724,"date":"2026-01-26T11:51:02","date_gmt":"2026-01-26T10:51:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/?p=186724"},"modified":"2026-01-26T11:53:52","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T10:53:52","slug":"sistemas-de-controlo-do-azeite-na-ue-progressos-desafios-e-recomendacoes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/pt\/ainia-news\/sistemas-de-controlo-do-azeite-na-ue-progressos-desafios-e-recomendacoes\/","title":{"rendered":"Sistemas de controlo do azeite na UE: progressos, desafios e recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d]<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Enquadramento regulamentar<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Principais lacunas<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. Controlos de conformidade: pontos fortes e fragilidades<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  4. Controlo de contaminantes: progressos e desafios<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  5. Rastreabilidade: um desafio ainda por resolver<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  6. Recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para refor\u00e7ar o sistema<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  7. Conclus\u00e3o<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    O Tribunal de Contas Europeu publicou o Relat\u00f3rio Especial 1\/2026, \u00abSistemas de controlo do azeite na UE<\/a>.<\/strong> <\/em>Um quadro exaustivo, mas aplicado de forma desigual\u00bb, que faz um retrato da situa\u00e7\u00e3o dos controlos oficiais do azeite na UE. Neste artigo, analisamos as principais conclus\u00f5es do relat\u00f3rio, as insufici\u00eancias identificadas e as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para refor\u00e7ar a integridade do sistema.<\/p>\n

    O azeite \u00e9 um dos produtos mais emblem\u00e1ticos da UE, tanto pela sua relev\u00e2ncia econ\u00f3mica como pelo seu valor cultural e nutricional. A UE representa 61% da produ\u00e7\u00e3o mundial e 45% do consumo e \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m o principal exportador a n\u00edvel global. O sistema oficial de controlo visa garantir a autenticidade, a seguran\u00e7a e a rastreabilidade do azeite colocado no mercado.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Um enquadramento regulamentar robusto, mas uma aplica\u00e7\u00e3o desigual<\/h2>\n

    A legisla\u00e7\u00e3o da UE enquadra o azeite atrav\u00e9s de tr\u00eas regulamentos:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Regulamento (UE) n.\u00ba 1308\/2013,<\/strong> que define as categorias de azeite.<\/li>\n
    • Regulamento Delegado (UE) 2022\/2104 da Comiss\u00e3o,<\/strong> relativo \u00e0s normas de comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o, rotulagem e rastreabilidade.<\/li>\n
    • Regulamento de Execu\u00e7\u00e3o (UE) 2022\/2105 da Comiss\u00e3o,<\/strong> relativo aos controlos de conformidade e aos m\u00e9todos de an\u00e1lise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Os controlos estabelecidos s\u00e3o baseados no risco<\/strong> e incluem an\u00e1lises f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicas e avalia\u00e7\u00f5es organol\u00e9ticas, bem como sistemas de san\u00e7\u00f5es eficazes e dissuasores. Al\u00e9m disso, \u00e9 exigido um n\u00famero m\u00ednimo de controlos proporcional ao volume comercializado (um controlo por cada 1 000 toneladas).<\/p>\n

      Principais lacunas<\/h2>\n

      O relat\u00f3rio conclui que nem todos os Estados-Membros cumprem os requisitos m\u00ednimos:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Espanha e Gr\u00e9cia<\/strong> realizaram menos controlos de categoria do que os exigidos nos \u00faltimos anos.<\/li>\n
      • As an\u00e1lises laboratoriais<\/strong> s\u00e3o incompletas em v\u00e1rios pa\u00edses, o que pode facilitar a fraude.<\/li>\n
      • Alguns Estados-Membros excluem segmentos do mercado<\/strong> (vendas online, importa\u00e7\u00f5es) sem uma justifica\u00e7\u00e3o baseada no risco.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Estas lacunas comprometem a efic\u00e1cia do sistema e geram riscos para a autenticidade e a qualidade do azeite.<\/p>\n

        Controlos de conformidade: pontos fortes e fragilidades<\/h2>\n

        Os controlos de conformidade s\u00e3o essenciais para verificar se o azeite corresponde \u00e0 categoria declarada. Incluem:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • An\u00e1lises f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicas<\/strong> (15 par\u00e2metros obrigat\u00f3rios).<\/li>\n
        • Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o organol\u00e9tica<\/strong> por pain\u00e9is reconhecidos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Embora 93% das an\u00e1lises f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmicas cumpram os requisitos, apenas 68% das avalia\u00e7\u00f5es organol\u00e9ticas s\u00e3o conformes.<\/strong> Esta disparidade explica-se pela subjetividade inerente \u00e0 an\u00e1lise sensorial e pela degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do azeite ao longo do tempo, agravada por pr\u00e1ticas como datas de durabilidade m\u00ednima excessivamente longas.<\/p>\n

          O relat\u00f3rio assinala tamb\u00e9m falta de clareza regulamentar em aspetos como:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • A mistura de azeites de diferentes campanhas de colheita.<\/li>\n
          • A possibilidade de comercializar misturas de azeite virgem e virgem extra como virgem extra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Estas zonas cinzentas conduzem a interpreta\u00e7\u00f5es divergentes entre Estados-Membros e podem afetar a qualidade do produto.<\/p>\n

            Controlo de contaminantes: progressos e desafios<\/h2>\n

            Do ponto de vista da seguran\u00e7a alimentar, o azeite est\u00e1 sujeito a controlos para detetar contaminantes. O sistema funciona bem para res\u00edduos de pesticidas, gra\u00e7as a um quadro jur\u00eddico claro e a programas de monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o coordenados. Entre 2018 e 2023, foram detetados apenas alguns casos acima do LMR estabelecido.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            No entanto, os controlos de outros contaminantes<\/strong> (hidrocarbonetos de \u00f3leos minerais, plastificantes, dioxinas, metais pesados) s\u00e3o menos desenvolvidos:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • N\u00e3o existem n\u00edveis m\u00e1ximos na UE para alguns contaminantes.<\/li>\n
            • Os Estados-Membros aplicam crit\u00e9rios diferentes e nem sempre documentam as suas an\u00e1lises de risco.<\/li>\n
            • O azeite importado de pa\u00edses terceiros n\u00e3o \u00e9 controlado de forma sistem\u00e1tica, o que constitui um ponto cr\u00edtico, dado que as importa\u00e7\u00f5es representam 9% do consumo europeu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Rastreabilidade: um desafio ainda por resolver<\/h2>\n

              A rastreabilidade \u00e9 essencial para garantir a autenticidade e gerir riscos em caso de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o. Embora a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o exija a indica\u00e7\u00e3o da origem no r\u00f3tulo e a conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de registos, n\u00e3o define como nem quando estes aspetos devem ser verificados. O relat\u00f3rio descreve diferentes cen\u00e1rios nos pa\u00edses analisados:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Espanha e It\u00e1lia<\/strong> desenvolveram sistemas avan\u00e7ados com registos eletr\u00f3nicos obrigat\u00f3rios e exerc\u00edcios de balan\u00e7o de massas.<\/li>\n
              • Gr\u00e9cia e B\u00e9lgica<\/strong> aplicam controlos limitados, centrados na abordagem \u201cum elo a montante\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para refor\u00e7ar o sistema<\/h2>\n

                O Tribunal de Contas Europeu<\/strong> apresenta cinco recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es estrat\u00e9gicas:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Refor\u00e7ar a supervis\u00e3o da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia sobre os sistemas nacionais de controlo, incentivando a transpar\u00eancia e adotando, quando necess\u00e1rio, medidas corretivas.<\/li>\n
                2. Clarificar as regras relativas a misturas de azeites virgens e \u00e0s campanhas de colheita.<\/li>\n
                3. Melhorar as orienta\u00e7\u00f5es sobre controlos de contaminantes, incluindo o azeite importado nas an\u00e1lises de risco.<\/li>\n
                4. Definir crit\u00e9rios claros para os controlos de rastreabilidade e normalizar a comunica\u00e7\u00e3o de resultados.<\/li>\n
                5. Promover registos eletr\u00f3nicos e a interoperabilidade entre os sistemas nacionais para facilitar a rastreabilidade transfronteiri\u00e7a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\n

                  Em conclus\u00e3o, o enquadramento regulamentar aplic\u00e1vel ao azeite \u00e9 s\u00f3lido<\/strong>, embora beneficie de uma aplica\u00e7\u00e3o mais consistente<\/strong> e de clarificar certos aspetos<\/strong> que podem gerar incerteza. A Comiss\u00e3o Europeia tem a oportunidade de melhorar este enquadramento, tendo em conta as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es do relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

                  [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div><\/body><\/html>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d] Enquadramento regulamentar Principais lacunas Controlos de conformidade: pontos fortes e fragilidades Controlo de contaminantes: progressos e desafios Rastreabilidade: um desafio ainda por resolver Recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para refor\u00e7ar o sistema Conclus\u00e3o O Tribunal de Contas Europeu publicou o Relat\u00f3rio Especial 1\/2026, \u00abSistemas de controlo do azeite na UE. Um quadro exaustivo, mas aplicado de forma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":215,"featured_media":186731,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1968],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-186724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-legislacao"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSistemas de controlo do azeite na UE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quadro de controlo do azeite na UE: conclus\u00f5es do Relat\u00f3rio Especial 1\/2026, principais lacunas e recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para refor\u00e7ar autenticidade, seguran\u00e7a e rastreabilidade.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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