{"id":83564,"date":"2026-09-17T14:08:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T12:08:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/pfas-dans-les-aliments-limites-exposition-et-controle-analytique\/"},"modified":"2026-09-17T14:08:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T12:08:58","slug":"pfas-dans-les-aliments-limites-exposition-et-controle-analytique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/fr\/ainia-news\/pfas-dans-les-aliments-limites-exposition-et-controle-analytique\/","title":{"rendered":"PFAS dans les aliments : limites, exposition et contr\u00f4le analytique"},"content":{"rendered":"

La persistance des substances perfluoroalkyl\u00e9es et polyfluoroalkyl\u00e9es (PFAS) favorise leur dispersion dans l\u2019environnement et leur incorporation dans la cha\u00eene alimentaire. Pour les entreprises, le d\u00e9fi consiste \u00e0 identifier les aliments concern\u00e9s, \u00e0 interpr\u00e9ter les r\u00e9sultats et \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des contr\u00f4les proportionn\u00e9s au risque. <\/span> <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dans quels aliments les PFAS peuvent-ils \u00eatre pr\u00e9sents<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/h2>\n

Les PFAS peuvent atteindre les aliments par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire de l\u2019eau et des sols contamin\u00e9s, des cultures et des aliments pour animaux. Ils peuvent \u00e9galement s\u2019accumuler dans les poissons, les crustac\u00e9s, les mollusques et d\u2019autres organismes, de sorte que leur concentration varie selon l\u2019environnement et l\u2019esp\u00e8ce. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

La Recommandation (UE) 2026\/1307 pr\u00e9voit la surveillance des PFAS dans les aliments pour animaux au cours des ann\u00e9es 2026, 2027 et 2028 et, en cas de concentrations \u00e9lev\u00e9es, envisage d\u2019en rechercher l\u2019origine au moyen de l\u2019analyse du sol et de l\u2019eau consomm\u00e9e par les animaux.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

La r\u00e9glementation europ\u00e9enne accorde une attention particuli\u00e8re \u00e0 la viande, aux abats, au poisson, aux crustac\u00e9s, aux mollusques bivalves et aux \u0153ufs. L\u2019origine des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, l\u2019eau utilis\u00e9e et les informations des fournisseurs sont des facteurs pertinents pour \u00e9valuer leur<\/span> pr\u00e9sence dans la cha\u00eene alimentaire.<\/a><\/p>\n

Limites de PFAS applicables aux aliments<\/span><\/b> <\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/h2>\n

Dans le cadre de la<\/span> r\u00e9glementation europ\u00e9enne sur les PFAS<\/a>, le R\u00e8glement (UE) 2023\/915 \u00e9tablit des teneurs maximales pour le PFOS, le PFOA, le PFNA et le PFHxS, \u00e0 la fois individuellement et pour la somme des quatre. Les valeurs sont exprim\u00e9es en poids frais et varient selon l\u2019aliment.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019aliment<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/td>\nLimite maximale pour la somme des quatre PFAS<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Viande bovine, porcine et de volaille<\/td>\n1,3 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Viande ovine<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1,6 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Abats de bovins, ovins, porcins et de volaille<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n8,0 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Viande de gibier, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de l\u2019ours<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n9,0 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Abats de gibier, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de l\u2019ours<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n50 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poisson<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n2,0, 8,0 ou 45 \u00b5g\/kg, selon l\u2019esp\u00e8ce et son utilisation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crustac\u00e9s et mollusques bivalves<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n5,0 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0152ufs<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1,7 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ces valeurs ne remplacent pas les limites individuelles. Pour calculer la somme, le crit\u00e8re de concentration inf\u00e9rieure est appliqu\u00e9, en consid\u00e9rant comme nuls les r\u00e9sultats inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la limite de quantification. Si un aliment d\u00e9passe une teneur maximale, il ne peut pas \u00eatre commercialis\u00e9 ni utilis\u00e9 comme ingr\u00e9dient. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

La Recommandation (UE) 2022\/1431 a encourag\u00e9, entre 2022 et 2025, la surveillance des PFAS dans une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019aliments et a \u00e9tabli des niveaux indicatifs pour les fruits, les l\u00e9gumes, les racines et tubercules amylac\u00e9s, les champignons sauvages, le lait et les aliments infantiles. <\/span> Le d\u00e9passement de ces niveaux ne constitue pas automatiquement un non-respect, mais les causes de la contamination doivent \u00eatre examin\u00e9es.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Exposition aux PFAS par l\u2019alimentation<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/h2>\n

L\u2019exposition d\u00e9pend de la concentration pr\u00e9sente, de la quantit\u00e9 ing\u00e9r\u00e9e et de la fr\u00e9quence de consommation. L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des aliments (EFSA) identifie le poisson et les \u0153ufs parmi les aliments qui contribuent le plus \u00e0 l\u2019exposition aux quatre PFAS \u00e9valu\u00e9s, bien que leur contribution varie selon le compos\u00e9 et les habitudes alimentaires. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019EFSA a \u00e9tabli une dose hebdomadaire tol\u00e9rable conjointe de<\/span> 4,4 nanogrammes par kilogramme de poids corporel <\/span><\/b>pour le PFOS, le PFOA, le PFNA et le PFHxS, en retenant comme effet critique la diminution de la r\u00e9ponse en anticorps apr\u00e8s la<\/span> vaccination. <\/span><\/p>\n

La teneur maximale d\u00e9termine si un aliment r\u00e9glement\u00e9 respecte les exigences applicables \u00e0 sa commercialisation, tandis que la dose tol\u00e9rable permet d\u2019\u00e9valuer l\u2019exposition cumul\u00e9e par l\u2019alimentation. Par cons\u00e9quent, d\u00e9tecter des PFAS ne suffit pas \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer le risque : le r\u00e9sultat doit \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 en fonction du compos\u00e9, de la concentration et du profil de consommation. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Comment r\u00e9aliser le contr\u00f4le analytique des PFAS dans les aliments<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/h2>\n

Le contr\u00f4le doit partir d\u2019une \u00e9valuation du risque afin de prioriser les produits, les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, les origines et les fournisseurs. \u00c0 partir de cette \u00e9valuation, il convient de d\u00e9finir quels PFAS analyser, dans quelles matrices et \u00e0 quelle fr\u00e9quence, en tenant compte des limites l\u00e9gales et des donn\u00e9es ant\u00e9rieures disponibles. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Le R\u00e8glement d\u2019ex\u00e9cution (UE) 2022\/1428 exige des \u00e9chantillons repr\u00e9sentatifs et des mat\u00e9riaux de pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement, de stockage et de transport exempts de PFAS. Le contact avec le PTFE, le PVDF et d\u2019autres fluoropolym\u00e8res susceptibles de contaminer l\u2019\u00e9chantillon doit \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9. Les m\u00e9thodes analytiques doivent disposer de limites de quantification \u00e9gales ou inf\u00e9rieures aux aux teneurs maximales individuelles applicables. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats doivent \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s conjointement avec la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 et les informations des fournisseurs. En cas de d\u00e9passement, il sera n\u00e9cessaire de d\u00e9limiter les lots concern\u00e9s, d\u2019en rechercher la source et de revoir les mesures de pr\u00e9vention et de contr\u00f4le. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Comment AINIA peut aider<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/h2>\n

Chez AINIA, nous aidons les entreprises \u00e0 d\u00e9finir des contr\u00f4les des PFAS adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs aliments, mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, fournisseurs et march\u00e9s. Notre service de<\/span> conception et d\u2019ex\u00e9cution de plans de contr\u00f4le analytique<\/a><\/span> permet de s\u00e9lectionner les matrices et les param\u00e8tres pertinents, d\u2019\u00e9tablir l\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage, d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter les r\u00e9sultats et d\u2019\u00e9valuer la conformit\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La persistance des substances perfluoroalkyl\u00e9es et polyfluoroalkyl\u00e9es (PFAS) favorise leur dispersion dans l\u2019environnement et leur incorporation dans la cha\u00eene alimentaire. Pour les entreprises, le d\u00e9fi consiste \u00e0 identifier les aliments concern\u00e9s, \u00e0 interpr\u00e9ter les r\u00e9sultats et \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des contr\u00f4les proportionn\u00e9s au risque. Dans quels aliments les PFAS peuvent-ils \u00eatre pr\u00e9sents Les PFAS peuvent atteindre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":454,"featured_media":83563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,78],"tags":[503,512,511,502,317],"tipo-documento":[],"class_list":["post-83564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ainia-news","category-legislation","tag-contaminants-alimentaires","tag-controle-analytique","tag-pfas-dans-les-aliments","tag-reglementation-alimentaire","tag-securite-alimentaire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPFAS dans les aliments : limites, exposition et contr\u00f4le analytique<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez les limites de PFAS dans les aliments, comment \u00e9valuer l\u2019exposition et ce qu\u2019exige le contr\u00f4le analytique selon la r\u00e9glementation 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