{"id":186716,"date":"2026-01-26T11:43:52","date_gmt":"2026-01-26T10:43:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/?p=186716"},"modified":"2026-01-26T11:53:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T10:53:04","slug":"olive-oil-control-systems-in-the-eu-progress-challenges-and-recommendations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/fr\/ainia-news\/olive-oil-control-systems-in-the-eu-progress-challenges-and-recommendations\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e8mes de contr\u00f4le de l\u2019huile d\u2019olive dans l\u2019UE : avanc\u00e9es, d\u00e9fis et recommandations"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d]<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Cadre r\u00e9glementaire<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Principales lacunes<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. Contr\u00f4les de conformit\u00e9 : forces et faiblesses<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  4. Contr\u00f4le des contaminants : avanc\u00e9es et d\u00e9fis<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  5. Tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 : un d\u00e9fi encore \u00e0 relever<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  6. Recommandations pour renforcer le syst\u00e8me<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n
  7. Conclusion<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    La Cour des comptes europ\u00e9enne a publi\u00e9 le Rapport sp\u00e9cial 1\/2026, \u00ab Syst\u00e8mes de contr\u00f4le de l\u2019huile d\u2019olive dans l\u2019UE.<\/strong> <\/em><\/a>Un cadre exhaustif, mais appliqu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re in\u00e9gale \u00bb, qui dresse un \u00e9tat des lieux des contr\u00f4les officiels de l\u2019huile d\u2019olive dans l\u2019UE. Dans cet article, nous analysons les principaux constats du rapport, les insuffisances relev\u00e9es et les recommandations visant \u00e0 renforcer l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

    L\u2019huile d\u2019olive est l\u2019un des produits les plus embl\u00e9matiques de l\u2019UE, tant par son importance \u00e9conomique que par sa valeur culturelle et nutritionnelle. L\u2019UE repr\u00e9sente 61 % de la production mondiale et 45 % de la consommation, et elle est \u00e9galement le principal exportateur au niveau mondial. Le syst\u00e8me de contr\u00f4le officiel vise \u00e0 garantir l\u2019authenticit\u00e9, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 de l\u2019huile d\u2019olive mise sur le march\u00e9.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Un cadre r\u00e9glementaire robuste, mais une mise en \u0153uvre in\u00e9gale<\/h2>\n

    La l\u00e9gislation de l\u2019UE encadre l\u2019huile d\u2019olive au moyen de trois r\u00e8glements :<\/p>\n

      \n
    • R\u00e8glement (UE) n\u00b0 1308\/2013,<\/strong> qui d\u00e9finit les cat\u00e9gories d\u2019huile d\u2019olive.<\/li>\n
    • R\u00e8glement d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 (UE) 2022\/2104 de la Commission,<\/strong> relatif aux normes de commercialisation, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tiquetage et \u00e0 la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9.<\/li>\n
    • R\u00e8glement d\u2019ex\u00e9cution (UE) 2022\/2105 de la Commission,<\/strong> relatif aux contr\u00f4les de conformit\u00e9 et aux m\u00e9thodes d\u2019analyse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Les contr\u00f4les \u00e9tablis sont fond\u00e9s sur le risque<\/strong> et comprennent des analyses physico-chimiques et des \u00e9valuations organoleptiques, ainsi que des syst\u00e8mes de sanctions efficaces et dissuasifs. En outre, un nombre minimal de contr\u00f4les est requis, proportionnel au volume commercialis\u00e9 (un contr\u00f4le par 1 000 tonnes).<\/p>\n

      Principales lacunes<\/h2>\n

      Le rapport constate que tous les \u00c9tats membres ne respectent pas les exigences minimales :<\/p>\n

        \n
      • L\u2019Espagne et la Gr\u00e8ce<\/strong> ont r\u00e9alis\u00e9 moins de contr\u00f4les de cat\u00e9gorie que requis ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<\/li>\n
      • Les analyses de laboratoire<\/strong> sont incompl\u00e8tes dans plusieurs pays, ce qui peut faciliter la fraude.<\/li>\n
      • Certains \u00c9tats membres excluent des segments du march\u00e9<\/strong> (ventes en ligne, importations) sans justification fond\u00e9e sur le risque.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ces lacunes compromettent l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me et g\u00e9n\u00e8rent des risques pour l\u2019authenticit\u00e9 et la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019huile d\u2019olive.<\/p>\n

        Contr\u00f4les de conformit\u00e9 : forces et faiblesses<\/h2>\n

        Les contr\u00f4les de conformit\u00e9 sont essentiels pour v\u00e9rifier que l\u2019huile correspond \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorie d\u00e9clar\u00e9e. Ils comprennent :<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Des analyses physico-chimiques<\/strong> (15 param\u00e8tres obligatoires).<\/li>\n
        • Une \u00e9valuation organoleptique<\/strong> par des panels reconnus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Si 93 % des analyses physico-chimiques respectent les exigences, seuls 68 % des contr\u00f4les organoleptiques sont conformes.<\/strong> Cet \u00e9cart s\u2019explique par la subjectivit\u00e9 inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 l\u2019analyse sensorielle et par la d\u00e9gradation de l\u2019huile au fil du temps, aggrav\u00e9e par des pratiques telles que des dates de durabilit\u00e9 minimale trop longues.<\/p>\n

          Le rapport souligne \u00e9galement un manque de clart\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire sur des sujets tels que :<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Le m\u00e9lange d\u2019huiles issues de diff\u00e9rentes campagnes de r\u00e9colte.<\/li>\n
          • La possibilit\u00e9 de commercialiser des m\u00e9langes d\u2019huile d\u2019olive vierge et vierge extra en tant que vierge extra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ces zones grises entra\u00eenent des interpr\u00e9tations divergentes entre \u00c9tats membres et peuvent affecter la qualit\u00e9 du produit.<\/p>\n

            Contr\u00f4le des contaminants : avanc\u00e9es et d\u00e9fis<\/h2>\n

            Du point de vue de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, l\u2019huile d\u2019olive fait l\u2019objet de contr\u00f4les visant \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter les contaminants. Le syst\u00e8me fonctionne bien pour les r\u00e9sidus de pesticides, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un cadre juridique clair et \u00e0 des programmes de surveillance coordonn\u00e9s. Entre 2018 et 2023, seuls quelques cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9s au-dessus de la LMR \u00e9tablie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            En revanche, les contr\u00f4les d\u2019autres contaminants<\/strong> (hydrocarbures d\u2019huiles min\u00e9rales, plastifiants, dioxines, m\u00e9taux lourds) sont moins d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s :<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Il n\u2019existe pas de teneurs maximales dans l\u2019UE pour certains contaminants.<\/li>\n
            • Les \u00c9tats membres appliquent des crit\u00e8res diff\u00e9rents et ne documentent pas toujours leurs analyses de risques.<\/li>\n
            • L\u2019huile d\u2019olive import\u00e9e de pays tiers n\u2019est pas contr\u00f4l\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re syst\u00e9matique, ce qui constitue un point critique \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que les importations repr\u00e9sentent 9 % de la consommation europ\u00e9enne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 : un d\u00e9fi encore \u00e0 relever<\/h2>\n

              La tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 est essentielle pour garantir l\u2019authenticit\u00e9 et g\u00e9rer les risques en cas de contamination. Bien que la r\u00e9glementation impose d\u2019indiquer l\u2019origine sur l\u2019\u00e9tiquette et de conserver des enregistrements, elle ne pr\u00e9cise pas comment ni quand ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments doivent \u00eatre v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s. Le rapport d\u00e9crit diff\u00e9rents sc\u00e9narios selon les pays analys\u00e9s :<\/p>\n

                \n
              • L\u2019Espagne et l\u2019Italie<\/strong> ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes avanc\u00e9s avec des registres \u00e9lectroniques obligatoires et des exercices de bilan massique.<\/li>\n
              • La Gr\u00e8ce et la Belgique<\/strong> appliquent des contr\u00f4les limit\u00e9s, centr\u00e9s sur l\u2019approche \u00ab un maillon en amont \u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Recommandations pour renforcer le syst\u00e8me<\/h2>\n

                La Cour des comptes europ\u00e9enne<\/strong> formule cinq recommandations strat\u00e9giques :<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Renforcer la supervision de la Commission europ\u00e9enne sur les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de contr\u00f4le, en encourageant la transparence et en adoptant, si n\u00e9cessaire, des mesures correctives.<\/li>\n
                2. Clarifier les r\u00e8gles relatives aux m\u00e9langes d\u2019huiles vierges et aux campagnes de r\u00e9colte.<\/li>\n
                3. Am\u00e9liorer les orientations sur les contr\u00f4les des contaminants, en incluant l\u2019huile import\u00e9e dans les analyses de risques.<\/li>\n
                4. D\u00e9finir des crit\u00e8res clairs pour les contr\u00f4les de tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 et standardiser la communication des r\u00e9sultats.<\/li>\n
                5. Promouvoir des registres \u00e9lectroniques et l\u2019interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 entre les syst\u00e8mes nationaux afin de faciliter la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 transfrontali\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Conclusion<\/h2>\n

                  En conclusion, le cadre r\u00e9glementaire applicable \u00e0 l\u2019huile d\u2019olive est solide<\/strong>, mais il gagnerait \u00e0 \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re plus homog\u00e8ne<\/strong> et \u00e0 clarifier certains aspects<\/strong> susceptibles de cr\u00e9er de l\u2019incertitude. La Commission europ\u00e9enne a l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019am\u00e9liorer ce cadre en tenant compte des recommandations du rapport.<\/p>\n

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                  [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d] Cadre r\u00e9glementaire Principales lacunes Contr\u00f4les de conformit\u00e9 : forces et faiblesses Contr\u00f4le des contaminants : avanc\u00e9es et d\u00e9fis Tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 : un d\u00e9fi encore \u00e0 relever Recommandations pour renforcer le syst\u00e8me Conclusion La Cour des comptes europ\u00e9enne a publi\u00e9 le Rapport sp\u00e9cial 1\/2026, \u00ab Syst\u00e8mes de contr\u00f4le de l\u2019huile d\u2019olive dans l\u2019UE. Un cadre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":215,"featured_media":186717,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1967],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-186716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-legislation-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSyst\u00e8mes de contr\u00f4le de l\u2019huile d\u2019olive dans l\u2019UE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cadre de contr\u00f4le de l\u2019huile d\u2019olive dans l\u2019UE : constats du Rapport sp\u00e9cial 1\/2026, lacunes identifi\u00e9es et recommandations pour renforcer authenticit\u00e9, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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