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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>La\u00a0<\/span>synth\u00e8se\u00a0des\u00a0prot\u00e9ines<\/span><\/b>\u00a0est\u00a0l\u2019un\u00a0des\u00a0processus\u00a0m\u00e9taboliques\u00a0les plus\u00a0intensifs\u00a0et\u00a0finement\u00a0r\u00e9gul\u00e9s\u00a0de la\u00a0cellule. Au\u00a0c\u0153ur\u00a0de\u00a0cette\u00a0machinerie\u00a0se\u00a0trouve\u00a0l\u2019<\/span>enzyme\u00a0peptidyl-transf\u00e9rase<\/span><\/b>, centre\u00a0catalytique\u00a0du\u00a0ribosome\u00a0charg\u00e9\u00a0de\u00a0cr\u00e9er\u00a0la liaison\u00a0peptidique\u00a0qui\u00a0unit\u00a0les acides\u00a0amin\u00e9s\u00a0et\u00a0donne\u00a0naissance\u00a0\u00e0 la\u00a0cha\u00eene\u00a0polypeptidique. Dans\u00a0cet\u00a0article,\u00a0nous\u00a0passons\u00a0en\u00a0revue\u00a0le\u00a0d\u00e9roul\u00e9\u00a0de la\u00a0traduction,\u00a0l\u2019importance\u00a0de\u00a0cette\u00a0enzyme\u00a0et la\u00a0mani\u00e8re\u00a0dont\u00a0ce savoir\u00a0peut\u00a0\u00eatre\u00a0exploit\u00e9\u00a0en\u00a0biotechnologie\u00a0et en\u00a0formulation\u00a0d\u2019ingr\u00e9dients.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u2019est-ce que la\u00a0synth\u00e8se\u00a0des\u00a0prot\u00e9ines\u00a0?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
La\u00a0<\/span>synth\u00e8se\u00a0des\u00a0prot\u00e9ines<\/span><\/b>\u00a0correspond\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0l\u2019assemblage\u00a0s\u00e9quentiel\u00a0d\u2019acides\u00a0amin\u00e9s\u00a0sur un\u00a0ribosome\u00a0\u00e0 partir de\u00a0l\u2019information\u00a0cod\u00e9e\u00a0dans\u00a0un ARNm.\u00a0Elle\u00a0comprend\u00a0trois\u00a0phases\u00a0principales :<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Initiation\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0le\u00a0ribosome\u00a0reconna\u00eet\u00a0le site de\u00a0d\u00e9part\u00a0sur\u00a0l\u2019ARNm,\u00a0l\u2019ARNt\u00a0initiateur\u00a0se\u00a0positionne\u00a0sur le site P et le cadre de\u00a0lecture\u00a0est\u00a0\u00e9tabli.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
\u00c9longation\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0des\u00a0aminoacyl-ARNt\u00a0entrent\u00a0s\u00e9quentiellement\u00a0sur le site A.\u00a0L\u2019<\/span>enzyme\u00a0peptidyl-transf\u00e9rase<\/span><\/b>\u00a0catalyse\u00a0la\u00a0formation\u00a0de la liaison\u00a0peptidique\u00a0entre le\u00a0peptide\u00a0situ\u00e9 sur le site P et\u00a0l\u2019acide\u00a0amin\u00e9 du site A.\u00a0Apr\u00e8s\u00a0chaque\u00a0r\u00e9action, le\u00a0ribosome\u00a0<\/span>transloque<\/span><\/b>\u00a0d\u2019un\u00a0codon\u00a0et le\u00a0peptide\u00a0naissant\u00a0passe\u00a0de A\u00a0vers\u00a0P.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Terminaison\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0l\u2019arriv\u00e9e\u00a0sur un\u00a0codon\u00a0stop, les\u00a0<\/span>facteurs\u00a0de\u00a0lib\u00e9ration<\/span><\/b>\u00a0provoquent\u00a0l\u2019hydrolyse\u00a0du\u00a0peptidyl-ARNt, la\u00a0prot\u00e9ine\u00a0est\u00a0lib\u00e9r\u00e9e\u00a0et le\u00a0ribosome\u00a0est\u00a0recycl\u00e9.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Importance\u00a0de\u00a0l\u2019enzyme\u00a0peptidyl-transf\u00e9rase<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
L\u2019<\/span>enzyme\u00a0peptidyl-transf\u00e9rase<\/span><\/b>\u00a0correspond\u00a0\u00e0 une\u00a0activit\u00e9\u00a0catalytique\u00a0de\u00a0l\u2019ARN\u00a0ribosomique\u00a0localis\u00e9e\u00a0dans\u00a0la grande\u00a0sous-unit\u00e9. Sa\u00a0fonction\u00a0centrale\u00a0est\u00a0de\u00a0former\u00a0la\u00a0<\/span>liaison\u00a0peptidique<\/span><\/b>\u00a0via\u00a0une\u00a0r\u00e9action\u00a0de\u00a0<\/span>transest\u00e9rification<\/span><\/b> entre le\u00a0groupe\u00a0\u03b1-amine de\u00a0l\u2019aminoacyl-ARNt du site A et le\u00a0carbonyle\u00a0du\u00a0peptidyl-ARNt du site P.\u00a0<\/span>Pourquoi\u00a0est-elle\u00a0d\u00e9terminante\u00a0?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Vitesse et\u00a0productivit\u00e9\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0elle\u00a0fixe\u00a0le\u00a0taux\u00a0d\u2019\u00e9longation\u00a0et, par\u00a0cons\u00e9quent, le\u00a0rendement\u00a0prot\u00e9ique\u00a0de la\u00a0cellule\u00a0ou\u00a0du\u00a0bioproc\u00e9d\u00e9.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9\u00a0indirecte :<\/span><\/b>\u00a0m\u00eame\u00a0si la\u00a0reconnaissance\u00a0codon-anticodon\u00a0a\u00a0lieu\u00a0dans\u00a0la\u00a0petite\u00a0sous-unit\u00e9, la\u00a0g\u00e9om\u00e9trie\u00a0du\u00a0<\/span>peptidyl\u00a0transferase\u00a0center (PTC)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0favorise\u00a0les\u00a0substrats\u00a0correctement\u00a0appari\u00e9s\u00a0et\u00a0d\u00e9courage\u00a0les\u00a0interm\u00e9diaires\u00a0non\u00a0productifs.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
\u00c9volution\u00a0et\u00a0universalit\u00e9\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0la\u00a0conservation\u00a0structurelle\u00a0du PTC\u00a0souligne\u00a0son\u00a0anciennet\u00e9\u00a0\u00e9volutive\u00a0et son\u00a0r\u00f4le\u00a0de\u00a0noyau\u00a0de la\u00a0machinerie\u00a0de\u00a0traduction.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
En\u00a0optimisant\u00a0cette\u00a0\u00e9tape\u00a0cl\u00e9\u00a0de la\u00a0<\/span>synth\u00e8se\u00a0des\u00a0prot\u00e9ines<\/span><\/b>,\u00a0nous\u00a0am\u00e9liorons\u00a0l\u2019efficacit\u00e9\u00a0et la\u00a0qualit\u00e9\u00a0de\u00a0prot\u00e9ines,\u00a0peptides\u00a0et\u00a0enzymes\u00a0qui\u00a0ouvrent\u00a0des\u00a0voies\u00a0s\u00e9lectives\u00a0et durables\u00a0vers\u00a0des\u00a0<\/span>ingr\u00e9dients\u00a0et\u00a0compos\u00e9s\u00a0bioactifs<\/a><\/strong> \u00e0 forte valeur ajout\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n
Synth\u00e8se\u00a0des\u00a0prot\u00e9ines\u00a0:\u00a0m\u00e9canisme\u00a0catalytique\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\n
Accommodation\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0l\u2019aminoacyl-ARNt\u00a0correctement\u00a0appari\u00e9\u00a0sur le site A pivote et se place\u00a0avec\u00a0pr\u00e9cision.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Activation\u00a0nucl\u00e9ophile\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0le\u00a0groupe\u00a0\u03b1-amine\u00a0de\u00a0l\u2019ARNt\u00a0du site A\u00a0agit\u00a0comme\u00a0nucl\u00e9ophile\u00a0et\u00a0attaque\u00a0le\u00a0carbonyle\u00a0de\u00a0l\u2019ester\u00a0port\u00e9 par le\u00a0peptidyl-ARNt.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
\u00c9tat\u00a0de\u00a0transition\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0le PTC\u00a0stabilise\u00a0l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire\u00a0t\u00e9tra\u00e9drique\u00a0gr\u00e2ce\u00a0\u00e0 des\u00a0r\u00e9seaux\u00a0de\u00a0liaisons\u00a0hydrog\u00e8ne\u00a0et \u00e0 un\u00a0pr\u00e9-positionnement\u00a0st\u00e9rique\u00a0; des\u00a0ions\u00a0tels\u00a0que\u00a0<\/span>Mg\u00b2\u207a<\/span><\/b>\u00a0contribuent\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0cette\u00a0stabilisation.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
R\u00e9solution\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0le\u00a0peptide\u00a0est\u00a0transf\u00e9r\u00e9\u00a0sur\u00a0l\u2019ARNt\u00a0du site A,\u00a0l\u2019ARNt\u00a0d\u00e9sacyl\u00e9\u00a0du site P\u00a0est\u00a0lib\u00e9r\u00e9\u00a0et le\u00a0ribosome\u00a0transloque.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Cycle\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0la\u00a0r\u00e9p\u00e9tition\u00a0du\u00a0cycle\u00a0d\u2019\u00e9longation\u00a0allonge\u00a0la\u00a0cha\u00eene\u00a0jusqu\u2019au\u00a0codon\u00a0stop.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Structure\u00a0et bases\u00a0mol\u00e9culaires\u00a0:\u00a0enzyme\u00a0peptidyl-transf\u00e9rase\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n
Architecture\u00a0du\u00a0PTC :<\/span><\/b>\u00a0cavit\u00e9\u00a0d\u2019ARNr\u00a0dens\u00e9ment\u00a0structur\u00e9e\u00a0o\u00f9\u00a0convergent\u00a0les\u00a0extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s\u00a03\u2019 des ARNt des sites P et A. Les\u00a0<\/span>bases de\u00a0l\u2019ARNr<\/span><\/b>\u00a0d\u00e9limitent\u00a0l\u2019environnement\u00a0catalytique.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Tunnel\u00a0de\u00a0sortie\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0canal\u00a0guidant\u00a0la\u00a0cha\u00eene\u00a0naissante\u00a0vers\u00a0l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur\u00a0; son\u00a0micro-environnement\u00a0influence\u00a0les\u00a0<\/span>pauses\u00a0traductionnelles<\/span><\/b>\u00a0et\u00a0l\u2019interaction\u00a0avec\u00a0les\u00a0<\/span>macrolides<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Conservation\u00a0et\u00a0variation\u00a0:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0la\u00a0topologie\u00a0du PTC\u00a0est\u00a0fortement\u00a0conserv\u00e9e\u00a0chez\u00a0les\u00a0bact\u00e9ries,\u00a0arch\u00e9es,\u00a0eucaryotes\u00a0et\u00a0au\u00a0sein\u00a0des\u00a0ribosomes\u00a0mitochondriaux\u00a0; des\u00a0diff\u00e9rences\u00a0subtiles\u00a0expliquent\u00a0la\u00a0<\/span>s\u00e9lectivit\u00e9\u00a0des\u00a0antibiotiques<\/span><\/b>\u00a0et les\u00a0ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes\u00a0de\u00a0<\/span>r\u00e9sistance<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Applications\u00a0pratiques\u00a0:\u00a0formulation\u00a0et\u00a0proc\u00e9d\u00e9s\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\nUn\u00a0contr\u00f4le\u00a0pr\u00e9cis\u00a0de la\u00a0<\/span>synth\u00e8se\u00a0des\u00a0prot\u00e9ines<\/span><\/b>\u00a0et, en\u00a0particulier, de\u00a0l\u2019activit\u00e9\u00a0de\u00a0l\u2019<\/span>enzyme\u00a0peptidyl-transf\u00e9rase<\/span><\/b>\u00a0au\u00a0cours\u00a0de\u00a0l\u2019\u00e9longation, impacte\u00a0directement\u00a0la\u00a0<\/span>quantit\u00e9<\/span><\/b>, la\u00a0<\/span>puret\u00e9<\/span><\/b>\u00a0et la\u00a0<\/span>fonctionnalit\u00e9<\/span><\/b>\u00a0des\u00a0prot\u00e9ines\u00a0et\u00a0peptides\u00a0utilis\u00e9s\u00a0pour\u00a0d\u00e9velopper\u00a0des\u00a0<\/span>ingr\u00e9dients\u00a0et\u00a0compos\u00e9s\u00a0bioactifs<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u00e0 haute\u00a0valeur\u00a0ajout\u00e9e.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
$\"Compuestos$ <\/p>\n
Financ\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0par le\u00a0<\/span>programme<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>d\u2019aides<\/span>\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>l\u2019embauche<\/span>\u00a0de\u00a0<\/span>jeunes<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>professionnels<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s<\/span>\u00a0en\u00a0<\/span>internationalisation<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
$\"\"$ [\/vc_column_text]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/body><\/html>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d]La\u00a0synth\u00e8se\u00a0des\u00a0prot\u00e9ines\u00a0est\u00a0l\u2019un\u00a0des\u00a0processus\u00a0m\u00e9taboliques\u00a0les plus\u00a0intensifs\u00a0et\u00a0finement\u00a0r\u00e9gul\u00e9s\u00a0de la\u00a0cellule. Au\u00a0c\u0153ur\u00a0de\u00a0cette\u00a0machinerie\u00a0se\u00a0trouve\u00a0l\u2019enzyme\u00a0peptidyl-transf\u00e9rase, centre\u00a0catalytique\u00a0du\u00a0ribosome\u00a0charg\u00e9\u00a0de\u00a0cr\u00e9er\u00a0la liaison\u00a0peptidique\u00a0qui\u00a0unit\u00a0les acides\u00a0amin\u00e9s\u00a0et\u00a0donne\u00a0naissance\u00a0\u00e0 la\u00a0cha\u00eene\u00a0polypeptidique. Dans\u00a0cet\u00a0article,\u00a0nous\u00a0passons\u00a0en\u00a0revue\u00a0le\u00a0d\u00e9roul\u00e9\u00a0de la\u00a0traduction,\u00a0l\u2019importance\u00a0de\u00a0cette\u00a0enzyme\u00a0et la\u00a0mani\u00e8re\u00a0dont\u00a0ce savoir\u00a0peut\u00a0\u00eatre\u00a0exploit\u00e9\u00a0en\u00a0biotechnologie\u00a0et en\u00a0formulation\u00a0d\u2019ingr\u00e9dients.\u00a0 Qu\u2019est-ce que la\u00a0synth\u00e8se\u00a0des\u00a0prot\u00e9ines\u00a0?\u00a0 La\u00a0synth\u00e8se\u00a0des\u00a0prot\u00e9ines\u00a0correspond\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0l\u2019assemblage\u00a0s\u00e9quentiel\u00a0d\u2019acides\u00a0amin\u00e9s\u00a0sur un\u00a0ribosome\u00a0\u00e0 partir de\u00a0l\u2019information\u00a0cod\u00e9e\u00a0dans\u00a0un ARNm.\u00a0Elle\u00a0comprend\u00a0trois\u00a0phases\u00a0principales :\u00a0 Initiation\u00a0:\u00a0le\u00a0ribosome\u00a0reconna\u00eet\u00a0le site de\u00a0d\u00e9part\u00a0sur\u00a0l\u2019ARNm,\u00a0l\u2019ARNt\u00a0initiateur\u00a0se\u00a0positionne\u00a0sur le site P et le cadre de\u00a0lecture\u00a0est\u00a0\u00e9tabli.\u00a0 \u00c9longation\u00a0:\u00a0des\u00a0aminoacyl-ARNt\u00a0entrent\u00a0s\u00e9quentiellement\u00a0sur le site A.\u00a0L\u2019enzyme\u00a0peptidyl-transf\u00e9rase\u00a0catalyse\u00a0la\u00a0formation\u00a0de la liaison\u00a0peptidique\u00a0entre le\u00a0peptide\u00a0situ\u00e9 sur le site P et\u00a0l\u2019acide\u00a0amin\u00e9 du site A.\u00a0Apr\u00e8s\u00a0chaque\u00a0r\u00e9action, le\u00a0ribosome\u00a0transloque\u00a0d\u2019un\u00a0codon\u00a0et le\u00a0peptide\u00a0naissant\u00a0passe\u00a0de A\u00a0vers\u00a0P.\u00a0 Terminaison\u00a0:\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0l\u2019arriv\u00e9e\u00a0sur un\u00a0codon\u00a0stop, les\u00a0facteurs\u00a0de\u00a0lib\u00e9ration\u00a0provoquent\u00a0l\u2019hydrolyse\u00a0du\u00a0peptidyl-ARNt, la\u00a0prot\u00e9ine\u00a0est\u00a0lib\u00e9r\u00e9e\u00a0et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":401,"featured_media":185297,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1976],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-185308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-innovation-technologique"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSynth\u00e8se des prot\u00e9ines : r\u00f4le de l\u2019enzyme peptidyl-transf\u00e9rase<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comprenez comment la peptidyl-transf\u00e9rase, l\u2019enzyme de la synth\u00e8se des prot\u00e9ines, catalyse la formation de la liaison peptidique et pilote la traduction.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/fr\/ainia-news\/synthese-des-proteines-role-de-lenzyme-peptidyl-transferase\/\" 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