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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d]L\u2019<\/span><\/span>analyse<\/span> MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/span><\/strong> est<\/span> devenue<\/span> une <\/span>priorit\u00e9<\/span> croissante<\/span> pour<\/span> l\u2019industrie<\/span> agroalimentaire<\/span> europ\u00e9enne<\/span>. <\/span>Leur<\/span> d\u00e9tection<\/span> et <\/span>leur<\/span> contr\u00f4le<\/span> repr\u00e9sentent<\/span> non <\/span>seulement<\/span> un <\/span>d\u00e9fi<\/span> technique<\/span>, <\/span>mais<\/span> aussi<\/span> un <\/span>enjeu<\/span> r\u00e9glementaire<\/span>, la future <\/a><\/strong><\/span>l\u00e9gislation<\/span> europ\u00e9enne<\/span><\/strong><\/a> devant<\/span> \u00e9tablir<\/span> des limites <\/span>maximales<\/span> pour<\/span> ces <\/span>compos\u00e9s<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
<\/span> Dans <\/span>cet<\/span> article<\/span>, <\/span>nous<\/span> pr\u00e9sentons<\/span> la <\/span><\/span>liste MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>leur<\/span> d\u00e9finition<\/span>, les <\/span>raisons<\/span> de <\/span>leur<\/span> importance<\/span> et les principales <\/span>difficult\u00e9s<\/span> et <\/span>outils<\/span> disponibles <\/span>pour<\/span> leur<\/span> contr\u00f4le<\/span> analytique<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e9finition<\/span> des MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
Les <\/span>hydrocarbures d\u2019huiles min\u00e9rales (MOH)<\/span><\/b> sont un m\u00e9lange complexe de compos\u00e9s chimiques d\u00e9riv\u00e9s principalement de la distillation et du raffinage du p\u00e9trole, mais pouvant \u00e9galement provenir du charbon, du gaz naturel ou de la biomasse. Leur composition et leur comportement varient selon la source et le degr\u00e9 de traitement de l\u2019huile min\u00e9rale.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Dans le contexte de l\u2019<\/span>analyse MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/b>, ces compos\u00e9s se divisent en deux grands groupes ayant des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s chimiques et toxicologiques diff\u00e9rentes :<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
MOSH \u2013 Hydrocarbures satur\u00e9s d\u2019huiles min\u00e9rales :<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Incluent des <\/span>hydrocarbures \u00e0 cha\u00eene ouverte<\/span><\/b>, principalement des <\/span>paraffines ramifi\u00e9es<\/span><\/b>, et des <\/span>hydrocarbures cycliques<\/span><\/b> poss\u00e9dant au moins un cycle satur\u00e9 (appel\u00e9s <\/span>napht\u00e8nes<\/span><\/b>).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Ce sont des compos\u00e9s chimiquement stables pouvant <\/span>s\u2019accumuler dans les tissus graisseux et les organes<\/span><\/b> tels que le foie, la rate ou le tissu adipeux.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Bien que leurs effets \u00e0 long terme ne soient pas encore pleinement compris, l\u2019<\/span>EFSA<\/span><\/b> recommande une surveillance continue en raison de leur <\/span>potentiel bioaccumulatif<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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MOAH \u2013 Hydrocarbures aromatiques d\u2019huiles min\u00e9rales :<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Compos\u00e9s d\u2019<\/span>hydrocarbures aromatiques hautement alkyl\u00e9s<\/span><\/b>, avec un ou plusieurs cycles aromatiques.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Les <\/span>MOAH contenant trois cycles aromatiques ou plus<\/span><\/b> ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 un <\/span>potentiel g\u00e9notoxique et canc\u00e9rog\u00e8ne<\/span><\/b>, ce qui rend leur d\u00e9tection via l\u2019<\/span>analyse MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/b> prioritaire dans les denr\u00e9es alimentaires et les mat\u00e9riaux en contact avec les aliments.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
Les <\/span>MOAH \u00e0 un ou deux cycles aromatiques<\/span><\/b> pr\u00e9sentent encore des <\/span>incertitudes toxicologiques<\/span><\/b>, faute de donn\u00e9es concluantes sur leur comportement biologique.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
La <\/span>mise \u00e0 jour de l\u2019\u00e9valuation des risques de l\u2019EFSA (2023)<\/span><\/b> confirme la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de contr\u00f4ler et de diff\u00e9rencier les fractions <\/span>MOSH et MOAH<\/span><\/b> dans les matrices alimentaires, non seulement en raison de leur origine industrielle ou environnementale, mais aussi pour leurs <\/span>implications sanitaires potentielles<\/span><\/b> li\u00e9es \u00e0 une exposition chronique.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
$\"MOSH\/MOAH\"$ <\/span><\/h2>\n
Sources potentielles de <\/span>contamination :<\/span> <\/span>liste MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
Les <\/span>MOSH et MOAH<\/span><\/b> peuvent p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans les aliments par diverses voies tout au long de la cha\u00eene de production, de transformation et de distribution. Ces voies d\u2019entr\u00e9e rendent leur contr\u00f4le complexe et n\u00e9cessitent une approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Parmi les principales <\/span>sources de contamination par les hydrocarbures d\u2019huiles min\u00e9rales<\/span><\/b>, on retrouve :<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Transformation alimentaire :<\/span><\/b> lubrifiants et huiles utilis\u00e9s dans les machines, agents antimousse ou cires de rev\u00eatement appliqu\u00e9es sur les fruits et l\u00e9gumes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Migration \u00e0 partir des emballages :<\/span><\/b> papiers et cartons recycl\u00e9s, encres d\u2019impression, cires d\u2019imperm\u00e9abilisation ou sacs de jute trait\u00e9s avec des huiles min\u00e9rales.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Contamination environnementale :<\/span><\/b> gaz d\u2019\u00e9chappement, particules de pneus ou contamination des aliments pour animaux et des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes aquatiques.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Pratiques agricoles et stockage :<\/span><\/b> migration \u00e0 partir de sols ou de mat\u00e9riaux contamin\u00e9s, transport dans des contenants inadapt\u00e9s ou r\u00e9sidus de pesticides et de produits v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires.<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Principales <\/span>cat\u00e9gories<\/span> d\u2019aliments<\/span> concern\u00e9es: <\/span>liste MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
Les \u00e9tudes de l\u2019<\/span>EFSA (2023)<\/span><\/b> et les alertes du syst\u00e8me <\/span>RASFF<\/span><\/b> montrent que certains aliments sont plus sensibles \u00e0 la contamination. Les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019<\/span>analyse MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/b> r\u00e9v\u00e8lent des concentrations plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es dans :<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Huiles et graisses v\u00e9g\u00e9tales<\/span><\/b>, principale source d\u2019exposition.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
C\u00e9r\u00e9ales et produits de boulangerie.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
L\u00e9gumineuses, fruits secs, graines ol\u00e9agineuses et \u00e9pices.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
Chocolat et produits \u00e0 base de cacao.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
Produits laitiers, plats pr\u00e9par\u00e9s et snacks frits.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
Aliments pour nourrissons et poissons en conserve.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Les donn\u00e9es issues des alertes europ\u00e9ennes indiquent que des pays comme <\/span>l\u2019Inde, le Pakistan, l\u2019Espagne ou l\u2019Allemagne<\/span><\/b> sont fr\u00e9quemment \u00e0 l\u2019origine de produits non conformes.<\/span>
\n En Espagne, la plupart des notifications r\u00e9centes concernent <\/span>l\u2019huile de grignons d\u2019olive<\/span><\/b> et <\/span>l\u2019huile d\u2019olive<\/span><\/b>, ce qui souligne la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer les contr\u00f4les pr\u00e9ventifs.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
$\"VOIES$ <\/strong><\/h2>\n
Probl\u00e9matiques<\/span> de <\/span>l\u2019analyse<\/span> MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
L\u2019<\/span>analyse MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/b> pr\u00e9sente une <\/span>complexit\u00e9 technique \u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/span><\/b> en raison de la nature des matrices alimentaires et de la composition des contaminants. Les hydrocarbures d\u2019huiles min\u00e9rales sont des m\u00e9langes contenant <\/span>des centaines de compos\u00e9s chimiquement similaires<\/span><\/b>, rendant leur s\u00e9paration et leur identification difficiles.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Les principales <\/span>difficult\u00e9s analytiques<\/span><\/b> sont :<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Interf\u00e9rences<\/span><\/b> avec des compos\u00e9s naturels tels que les terp\u00e8nes, les cires, les carot\u00e9no\u00efdes ou les <\/span>POSH<\/span><\/b> (hydrocarbures satur\u00e9s oligom\u00e9riques de polyol\u00e9fines), pouvant conduire \u00e0 des <\/span>surestimations<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
Difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 distinguer<\/span><\/b> les MOSH et MOAH d\u2019origine naturelle, technologique ou contaminante.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
Absence de marqueurs clairs<\/span><\/b> permettant d\u2019identifier pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la source de contamination.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ces limites rendent les r\u00e9sultats analytiques difficiles \u00e0 interpr\u00e9ter et n\u00e9cessitent souvent des <\/span>m\u00e9thodes de confirmation<\/span><\/b> plus pr\u00e9cises et plus s\u00e9lectives.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
Outils<\/span> pour<\/span> l\u2019analyse<\/span> MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
Les principales <\/span>techniques<\/span> utilis\u00e9es<\/span> pour<\/span> l\u2019<\/span><\/span>analyse<\/span> MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span> <\/span>LC-GC-FID<\/span><\/span> et <\/span><\/span>GC\u00d7GC-MS-FID<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>toutes<\/span> deux<\/span> appliqu\u00e9es<\/span> \u00e0 la <\/span>quantification<\/span> et \u00e0 la <\/span>caract\u00e9risation<\/span> des <\/span>fractions<\/span> d\u2019hydrocarbures<\/span> pr\u00e9sentes<\/span> dans<\/span> les <\/span>\u00e9chantillons<\/span> alimentaires<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
LC-GC-FID (<\/span>Chromatographie<\/span> liquide <\/span>coupl\u00e9e<\/span> \u00e0 une <\/span>chromatographie<\/span> en <\/span>phase<\/span> gazeuse<\/span> avec<\/span> d\u00e9tection<\/span> par <\/span>ionisation<\/span> de <\/span>flamme<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
Il s\u2019agit de la m\u00e9thode de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence la plus r\u00e9pandue. Elle permet de d\u00e9terminer la <\/span>fraction totale de MOSH et MOAH<\/span><\/b> en mg\/kg d\u2019\u00e9chantillon. Cependant, elle pr\u00e9sente certaines limites :<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Elle ne permet pas la s\u00e9paration compl\u00e8te des compos\u00e9s individuels.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
Elle peut entra\u00eener des <\/span>surestimations<\/span><\/b> dues aux interf\u00e9rences naturelles.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
Elle complique l\u2019identification de l\u2019<\/span>origine r\u00e9elle de la contamination<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
GC\u00d7GC-MS-FID (<\/span>Chromatographie<\/span> en <\/span>phase<\/span> gazeuse<\/span> bidimensionnelle<\/span> coupl\u00e9e<\/span> \u00e0 une <\/span>spectrom\u00e9trie<\/span> de <\/span>masse<\/span> et \u00e0 une <\/span>d\u00e9tection<\/span> par <\/span>ionisation<\/span> de <\/span>flamme<\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
Cette technique avanc\u00e9e offre une <\/span>capacit\u00e9 de s\u00e9paration et de r\u00e9solution sup\u00e9rieure<\/span><\/b>, permettant :<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
De <\/span>diff\u00e9rencier les interf\u00e9rences<\/span><\/b> et de r\u00e9duire la surestimation des r\u00e9sultats.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
D\u2019<\/span>identifier les marqueurs sp\u00e9cifiques de contamination<\/span><\/b> tels que le <\/span>dibenzothioph\u00e8ne (DBT)<\/span><\/b> et le <\/span>diisopropylnaphtal\u00e8ne (DIPN)<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
De distinguer le <\/span>nombre de cycles aromatiques<\/span><\/b> dans la fraction MOAH.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n
D\u2019\u00e9valuer avec plus de pr\u00e9cision <\/span>l\u2019origine et la concentration du contaminant<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Pour ces raisons, la <\/span>GC\u00d7GC-MS-FID<\/span><\/b> est aujourd\u2019hui consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une <\/span>technique de confirmation essentielle<\/span><\/b> dans l\u2019<\/span>analyse MOSH MOAH<\/span><\/b>, notamment dans le cadre d\u2019\u00e9tudes r\u00e9glementaires et de projets de diagnostic avanc\u00e9.<\/a><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
$\"resoluci\u00f3n$ [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/body><\/html>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d]L\u2019analyse MOSH MOAH est devenue une priorit\u00e9 croissante pour l\u2019industrie agroalimentaire europ\u00e9enne. Leur d\u00e9tection et leur contr\u00f4le repr\u00e9sentent non seulement un d\u00e9fi technique, mais aussi un enjeu r\u00e9glementaire, la future l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne devant \u00e9tablir des limites maximales pour ces compos\u00e9s.\u00a0 Dans cet article, nous pr\u00e9sentons la liste MOSH MOAH, leur d\u00e9finition, les raisons de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":273,"featured_media":183485,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1965],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tendances"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nListe MOSH MOAH : d\u00e9finition, principales sources et d\u00e9fis analytiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez la liste MOSH MOAH des principaux aliments concern\u00e9s, leur d\u00e9finition, leurs sources de 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