{"id":83557,"date":"2026-09-17T14:08:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T12:08:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/pfas-in-food-limits-exposure-and-analytical-control\/"},"modified":"2026-09-17T14:08:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T12:08:58","slug":"pfas-in-food-limits-exposure-and-analytical-control","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/ainia-news\/pfas-in-food-limits-exposure-and-analytical-control\/","title":{"rendered":"PFAS in food: limits, exposure and analytical control"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The persistence of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) promotes their dispersion in the environment and their entry into the food chain. For companies, the challenge is to identify affected foods, interpret the results and establish controls proportionate to the risk. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">In which foods can PFAS be present<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">PFAS can reach food through contaminated water and soils, crops and animal feed. They can also accumulate in fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other organisms, so their concentration varies depending on the environment and the species. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Recommendation (EU) 2026\/1307 provides for the monitoring of PFAS in animal feed during 2026, 2027 and 2028 and, in the event of high concentrations, provides for investigating their origin through analysis of the soil and water consumed by animals.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">European regulations pay particular attention to meat, offal, fish, crustaceans, bivalve molluscs and eggs. The origin of raw materials, the water used and supplier information are relevant factors for assessing their<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/ainia-news\/que-son-los-pfas-presencia-en-la-cadena-alimentaria-riesgos-y-normativa-europea\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">presence in the food chain.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">PFAS limits applicable to food<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Within the framework of<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/ainia-news\/normativa-pfas-en-la-ue-restricciones-vigentes-y-proximos-cambios\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European PFAS regulations<\/a>, <span data-contrast=\"auto\">Regulation (EU) 2023\/915 establishes maximum levels for PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS, both individually and for the sum of the four. The values are expressed on a fresh-weight basis and vary depending on the food.<\/span><\/p>\n<table data-tablestyle=\"MsoTableGrid\" data-tablelook=\"1696\" aria-rowcount=\"9\" aria-colcount=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"1\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Food category<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":2,\"335551620\":2}\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":2,\"335551620\":2}\">Maximum limit for the sum of the four PFAS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"2\">\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1}\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">Beef, pork and poultry meat<\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":2,\"335551620\":2}\">1.3 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"3\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\">Sheep meat<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":2,\"335551620\":2,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\">1.6 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"4\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1}\">Offal from cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":2,\"335551620\":2,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\">8.0 \u00b5g\/kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"5\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\">Game meat, except bear<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":2,\"335551620\":2,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\">9.0 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"6\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\">Game offal, except bear<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":2,\"335551620\":2}\">50 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"7\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\">Fish<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":2,\"335551620\":2,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\">2.0, 8.0 or 45 \u00b5g\/kg, depending on the species and its use<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"8\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1}\">Crustaceans and bivalve molluscs<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":2,\"335551620\":2,\"335559738\":0,\"335559739\":0}\">5.0 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr aria-rowindex=\"9\">\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1}\">Eggs<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td data-celllook=\"0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1.7 \u00b5g\/kg<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These values do not replace the individual limits. To calculate the sum, the lower-bound concentration approach is applied, with results below the limit of quantification considered as zero. If a food exceeds a maximum level, it cannot be marketed or used as an ingredient.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Recommendation (EU) 2022\/1431 promoted the monitoring of PFAS in a wide variety of foods between 2022 and 2025 and established indicative levels for fruit, vegetables, starchy roots and tubers, wild mushrooms, milk and infant foods. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Exceeding these levels does not automatically constitute non-compliance, but the causes of the contamination should be investigated.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Exposure to PFAS through food<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Exposure depends on the concentration present, the amount ingested and the frequency of consumption. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) identifies fish and eggs among the foods that contribute most to exposure to the four PFAS assessed, although their contribution varies depending on the compound and dietary habits. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">EFSA established a combined tolerable weekly intake of<\/span> <b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.4 nanograms per kilogram of body weight<\/span><\/b> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">for PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS, taking the reduction in antibody response following vaccination as the critical effect.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The maximum level determines whether a regulated food complies with the requirements for marketing, while the tolerable intake makes it possible to assess cumulative exposure through the diet. Therefore, detecting PFAS is not sufficient to determine the risk: the result must be interpreted according to the compound, concentration and consumption pattern. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">How to carry out analytical control of PFAS in food<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Control should begin with a risk assessment to prioritise products, raw materials, origins and suppliers. Based on this assessment, it is determined which PFAS to analyse, in which matrices and how frequently, taking into account legal limits and the available background information. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022\/1428 requires representative samples and PFAS-free sampling, storage and transport materials. Contact with PTFE, PVDF and other fluoropolymers that could contaminate the sample must be avoided. Analytical methods must have limits of quantification equal to or lower than the the applicable individual maximum levels.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559685\":0,\"335559737\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240,\"335559740\":279}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The results must be interpreted together with traceability and supplier information. In the event of an exceedance, it will be necessary to identify the affected batches, investigate the source and review prevention and control measures. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">How AINIA can help<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">At AINIA, we help companies define PFAS controls tailored to their foods, raw materials, suppliers and markets. Our<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/laboratorios\/asistencias-tecnicas-estudios\/diseno-ejecucion-planes-control\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">analytical control plan design and implementation service <\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">makes it possible to select the relevant matrices and parameters, establish sampling, interpret the results and assess regulatory compliance.<\/span> <span data-ccp-props=\"{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The persistence of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) promotes their dispersion in the environment and their entry into the food chain. For companies, the challenge is to identify affected foods, interpret the results and establish controls proportionate to the risk. In which foods can PFAS be present PFAS can reach food through contaminated water and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":454,"featured_media":83556,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79,80],"tags":[510,501,500,311,509],"tipo-documento":[],"class_list":["post-83557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ainia-news","category-legislation","tag-analytical-control","tag-food-contaminants","tag-food-regulations","tag-food-safety","tag-pfas-in-food"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PFAS in food: limits, exposure and analytical control<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the PFAS limits in food, how to assess exposure and what analytical control requires under European 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