{"id":185168,"date":"2025-11-27T15:52:49","date_gmt":"2025-11-27T14:52:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/?p=185168"},"modified":"2025-11-27T15:53:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T14:53:47","slug":"dairy-fermentation-process-technologies-and-strategies-to-develop-high-quality-alternatives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/ainia-news\/dairy-fermentation-process-technologies-and-strategies-to-develop-high-quality-alternatives\/","title":{"rendered":"Dairy Fermentation Process: Technologies and Strategies to Develop High-Quality Alternatives"},"content":{"rendered":"<html><body><div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW41880406 BCX8\" lang=\"ES-ES\" xml:lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW41880406 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW194446391 BCX8\" lang=\"ES-ES\" xml:lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW194446391 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW1005685 BCX8\" lang=\"ES-ES\" xml:lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW1005685 BCX8\">[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/rdi-programme\/food-for-the-future\/healthy-and-sustainable-foods\/alternative-proteins\/\">Dairy alternatives<\/a><\/strong> face a demanding market: they must deliver taste, creaminess, functionality, and a solid nutritional and sustainability profile\u2014while remaining affordable.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"605\" data-end=\"1090\">The cornerstone for creating high-quality dairy analogues is the <strong data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"700\">dairy fermentation process<\/strong>. Fermentation can be used not only to develop the final product, but also to obtain or enhance ingredients that elevate the quality of the end formulation. This article presents practical cases to create dairy analogues through different fermentation approaches, as well as complementary technological routes ranging from local plant raw materials to fat structuring and dry fractionation.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0D<strong data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"700\">airy fermentation processes<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-185171\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/6-1024x576.png\" alt=\"dairy fermentation processes: comparative\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/6-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/6-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/6-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/6-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/6.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/p>\n<p>Choosing the right <strong data-start=\"1147\" data-end=\"1177\">dairy fermentation process<\/strong> depends on the intended outcome: a <strong>ready-to-consume end product<\/strong>,<strong> intermediate ingredients<\/strong> that improve formulations, or <strong>advanced ingredients<\/strong> with highly specific functions. Below is a summary of what each route offers and when to use it.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1422\" data-end=\"1470\"><strong>Final Product: Traditional Fermentation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1831\">This process is applied directly to plant materials such as plant beverages or nut pastes, typically using starter cultures similar to those employed in fermented dairy products. These include lactic acid bacteria (e.g., <em data-start=\"1693\" data-end=\"1719\">Lactobacillus bulgaricus<\/em>, <em data-start=\"1721\" data-end=\"1749\">Streptococcus thermophilus<\/em>) and certain fungi such as <em data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1801\">Penicillium camemberti<\/em> and <em data-start=\"1806\" data-end=\"1830\">Penicillium roqueforti<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"2023\"><strong data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1845\">Results: <\/strong>Yoghurt- and cheese-like analogues showing controlled acidity, stable gel structure, reduced syneresis, and sensory attributes clearly reminiscent of their dairy counterparts.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2025\" data-end=\"2172\"><strong data-start=\"2025\" data-end=\"2044\">What it solves: <\/strong>Reduction of vegetal off-flavours, development of characteristic dairy-like aromas, and improvement of texture and viscosity.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2174\" data-end=\"2331\"><strong data-start=\"2174\" data-end=\"2193\">When to use it: <\/strong>When the goal is a finished product with strong sensory acceptance, clean-label positioning, and straightforward regulatory compliance.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2333\" data-end=\"2509\"><strong data-start=\"2333\" data-end=\"2352\">Key parameters: <\/strong>Starter culture selection, fermentability of plant substrates, final pH, fermentation time\/temperature, gel strength, syneresis, and shelf-life stability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"2516\" data-end=\"2593\"><strong>Intermediate Ingredients: Biomass Fermentation and Functionalization<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2595\" data-end=\"2804\">Through controlled growth of fungi and yeasts, it is possible to generate <strong data-start=\"2669\" data-end=\"2703\">protein-rich microbial biomass<\/strong> and modulate key techno-functional properties while significantly reducing plant-based off-flavours.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2806\" data-end=\"3126\"><strong>Functionalization<\/strong> acts as a strategic step bridging plant raw materials with dairy-like technological and sensory performance. This process yields higher-value intermediate ingredients that can be incorporated into plant-based yoghurts, beverages, or cheeses to improve stability, texture, and overall sensorial quality.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong data-start=\"3128\" data-end=\"3140\">Results: <\/strong>Mycoprotein (structural and protein contribution), Single cell oils (fat contribution and texturizing behaviour), Functionalized plant ingredients with improved sensory and technological performance<\/li>\n<li><strong data-start=\"3351\" data-end=\"3370\">What it solves: <\/strong>Enhances techno-functionality (emulsification, gelation, water-holding capacity), reduces off-flavours, and improves nutritional value without compromising labelling.<\/li>\n<li><strong data-start=\"3541\" data-end=\"3560\">When to use it: <\/strong>To generate mycoprotein or when plant matrices require functional improvement\u2014sensory, technological or nutritional\u2014or to stabilise beverages, yoghurts, or cheese analogues.<\/li>\n<li><strong data-start=\"3738\" data-end=\"3757\">Key parameters: <\/strong>Process yield, composition, rheological impact, and compatibility with downstream manufacturing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"3863\" data-end=\"3916\"><strong>Advanced Ingredients: Precision Fermentation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3918\" data-end=\"4015\">This route uses engineered microbial platforms designed to produce <strong data-start=\"3985\" data-end=\"4014\">specific target molecules<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"4017\" data-end=\"4176\"><strong data-start=\"4017\" data-end=\"4029\">Results: <\/strong>Tailor-made molecules replicating key dairy matrix functions (e.g., casein-like protein networks, specific lipids, enzymes, or aroma compounds).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4178\" data-end=\"4342\"><strong data-start=\"4178\" data-end=\"4197\">What it solves: <\/strong>Highly specialised structure, meltability, maturation, flavour, or stability requirements that cannot be achieved with standard raw materials.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4344\" data-end=\"4611\"><strong data-start=\"4344\" data-end=\"4363\">When to use it: <\/strong>Ideal for mid-term R&amp;D pipelines requiring high-performance functionalities.<br data-start=\"4442\" data-end=\"4445\"><em><strong data-start=\"4445\" data-end=\"4470\">Regulatory note (EU):<\/strong> currently not authorised for market release; requires a regulatory roadmap and short-term alternatives (traditional + biomass fermentation).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-185145\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/marketingainia_89291_photorealistic_pilot_plant_in_an_industr_8fbe0e83-1944-4008-ae2f-caec467dd668_0-1-1024x574.png\" alt=\"precision fermentation\" width=\"1024\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/marketingainia_89291_photorealistic_pilot_plant_in_an_industr_8fbe0e83-1944-4008-ae2f-caec467dd668_0-1-1024x574.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/marketingainia_89291_photorealistic_pilot_plant_in_an_industr_8fbe0e83-1944-4008-ae2f-caec467dd668_0-1-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/marketingainia_89291_photorealistic_pilot_plant_in_an_industr_8fbe0e83-1944-4008-ae2f-caec467dd668_0-1-768x430.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/marketingainia_89291_photorealistic_pilot_plant_in_an_industr_8fbe0e83-1944-4008-ae2f-caec467dd668_0-1.png 1456w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"4618\" data-end=\"4687\"><strong data-start=\"4620\" data-end=\"4687\">Fermentation Using Local Plant Raw Materials: Project Fervelact<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4689\" data-end=\"4949\">Achieving dairy-like aroma, creaminess, and nutritional value from plant bases is highly challenging. In AINIA, we address this through controlled fermentations using plant bases from tiger nut, almond, lupin, and flax, combined with cutting-edge technologies:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4951\" data-end=\"5197\">\n<li data-start=\"4951\" data-end=\"5036\">\n<p data-start=\"4953\" data-end=\"5036\"><strong data-start=\"4953\" data-end=\"4970\">Metabolomics:<\/strong> identification of key metabolites generated during fermentation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5037\" data-end=\"5121\">\n<p data-start=\"5039\" data-end=\"5121\"><strong data-start=\"5039\" data-end=\"5056\">Metagenomics:<\/strong> characterization of microorganisms producing these metabolites<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5122\" data-end=\"5197\">\n<p data-start=\"5124\" data-end=\"5197\"><strong data-start=\"5124\" data-end=\"5143\">Food Computing:<\/strong> process steering toward the desired sensory profile<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5199\" data-end=\"5215\"><strong data-start=\"5199\" data-end=\"5215\">Key results:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5217\" data-end=\"5528\">\n<li data-start=\"5217\" data-end=\"5283\">\n<p data-start=\"5219\" data-end=\"5283\">Tailored starter cultures designed for each plant raw material<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5284\" data-end=\"5394\">\n<p data-start=\"5286\" data-end=\"5394\">A new plant beverage (lupin + tiger nut) with nutritional properties comparable to semi-skimmed cow\u2019s milk<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5395\" data-end=\"5528\">\n<p data-start=\"5397\" data-end=\"5528\">Fermented yoghurt and cheese analogues with stable gel, low syneresis, and nutritional profiles close to reference dairy products<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-177534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Fervelact1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"An\u00e1logos l\u00e1cteos\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Fervelact1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Fervelact1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Fervelact1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Fervelact1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Fervelact1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"5535\" data-end=\"5598\"><strong data-start=\"5537\" data-end=\"5598\">Flavour Enhancement via Fermentation: Project Flavourferm<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5600\" data-end=\"5916\"><strong>Reducing off-flavours and achieving a robust sensory profil<\/strong>e\u2014both in aroma and texture\u2014is essential for consumer acceptance. To achieve this, we are optimizing different <strong data-start=\"5770\" data-end=\"5802\">dairy fermentation processes<\/strong> (traditional, biomass, and precision fermentation), and validating results in real industrial environments using:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5918\" data-end=\"6333\">\n<li data-start=\"5918\" data-end=\"6053\">\n<p data-start=\"5920\" data-end=\"6053\">Recombinant proteins (e.g., animal-free casein via precision fermentation) delivering dairy-like structural and sensory performance<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6054\" data-end=\"6155\">\n<p data-start=\"6056\" data-end=\"6155\">Biomass fermentation of fungi to produce ingredients with improved sensory and nutritional traits<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6156\" data-end=\"6226\">\n<p data-start=\"6158\" data-end=\"6226\">Traditional fermentation processes for dairy analogue applications<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6227\" data-end=\"6333\">\n<p data-start=\"6229\" data-end=\"6333\">Computational modelling to predict and steer the generation of dairy-like and umami volatile compounds<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6335\" data-end=\"6356\"><strong data-start=\"6335\" data-end=\"6356\">Emerging results:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6358\" data-end=\"6611\">\n<li data-start=\"6358\" data-end=\"6444\">\n<p data-start=\"6360\" data-end=\"6444\">Significant improvements in flavour and texture, to be validated in consumer tests<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6445\" data-end=\"6566\">\n<p data-start=\"6447\" data-end=\"6566\">Functional ingredients ready for integration into beverages, cheese analogues, and even plant-based meat alternatives<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6567\" data-end=\"6611\">\n<p data-start=\"6569\" data-end=\"6611\">Clean-label, scalable formulation routes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6613\" data-end=\"6697\">This project is being developed by AINIA with the support of the European Union.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"6704\" data-end=\"6795\"><strong data-start=\"6706\" data-end=\"6795\">Protein and Functional Ingredient Development via Air Classification: Project AIRPROT<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"6797\" data-end=\"7010\">Developing sustainable,<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/rdi-programme\/food-for-the-future\/healthy-and-sustainable-foods\/alternative-proteins\/\"> label-friendly alternative proteins<\/a><\/strong> with improved functionality requires new processing strategies. At AINIA, we addressed this challenge in the AIRPROT project through the following steps:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"7012\" data-end=\"7375\"><strong data-start=\"7012\" data-end=\"7058\">Dry fractionation via air classification: <\/strong>Using local sources (e.g., carob, lupin), insects, and plant side streams. Thermal and enzymatic treatments were applied to modulate viscosity and texture of proteins, starches, and fibres\u2014replicating dairy-like matrices such as milk, yoghurt, or cheese, while improving digestibility and reducing antinutrients.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7377\" data-end=\"7513\"><strong data-start=\"7377\" data-end=\"7411\">Functionalization strategies: <\/strong>Thermal, enzymatic, and fermentative processes to improve techno-functional and sensory properties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"7515\" data-end=\"7527\"><strong data-start=\"7515\" data-end=\"7527\">Results:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7529\" data-end=\"7900\">\n<li data-start=\"7529\" data-end=\"7674\">\n<p data-start=\"7531\" data-end=\"7674\">Functionalization enables modulation of nutritional, sensory, and technological properties depending on treatment type and process parameters<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7675\" data-end=\"7806\">\n<p data-start=\"7677\" data-end=\"7806\">Protein concentrates and starch\/fibre fractions with improved functionalities such as emulsification and water-holding capacity<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7807\" data-end=\"7900\">\n<p data-start=\"7809\" data-end=\"7900\">Validation of these ingredients in multiple food matrices (smoothies and bakery products)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"7902\" data-end=\"8152\">This project has been developed by AINIA through a regulatory funding agreement with the Generalitat Valenciana, with support for the technological institutes of the Comunitat Valenciana.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"8159\" data-end=\"8221\"><strong data-start=\"8161\" data-end=\"8221\">New Routes for Sustainable Fat Structures: Project BOIL\u00c0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"8223\" data-end=\"8582\">The shift toward healthier and more sustainable dairy alternatives requires replacing palm and coconut oils with fat structures capable of replicating dairy functionality, stability, and sensory performance\u2014while improving nutritional value and reducing environmental impact. In AINIA, the BOIL\u00c0 project explored multiple complementary technological pathways:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"8584\" data-end=\"8969\">\n<li data-start=\"8584\" data-end=\"8719\">\n<p data-start=\"8586\" data-end=\"8719\"><strong data-start=\"8586\" data-end=\"8618\">Advanced oleosome extraction<\/strong> from oil-rich seeds such as grape and pumpkin (cold pressing, ultrasound, and membrane separation)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8720\" data-end=\"8814\">\n<p data-start=\"8722\" data-end=\"8814\"><strong data-start=\"8722\" data-end=\"8752\">Protein-based oleogelation<\/strong> to structure liquid vegetable oils into solid-like matrices<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8815\" data-end=\"8884\">\n<p data-start=\"8817\" data-end=\"8884\"><strong data-start=\"8817\" data-end=\"8851\">Production of Single Cell Oils<\/strong> through microbial fermentation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8885\" data-end=\"8969\">\n<p data-start=\"8887\" data-end=\"8969\"><strong data-start=\"8887\" data-end=\"8926\">Establishment of an olive cell line<\/strong> to explore new lipid biosynthetic routes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"8971\" data-end=\"9361\"><strong data-start=\"8971\" data-end=\"8983\">Results:<\/strong><br data-start=\"8983\" data-end=\"8986\">The project yielded oleosome-rich fractions with high technological potential, new structured and protein-emulsified fats with improved nutritional and labelling profiles, advances in microbial lipid production, and the development of an olive cell line\u2014resulting in a portfolio of sustainable fats with strong applicability in dairy analogues and other plant-based products.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"9363\" data-end=\"9491\">This project has been developed by AINIA thanks to the support of IVACE, the Generalitat Valenciana, and the European Union.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-180464\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/eldrin-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Boila nuevas grasas saludables y sostenibles\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/eldrin-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/eldrin-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/eldrin-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/eldrin.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[\/vc_column_text]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/body><\/html>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=\u201d\u201d]Dairy alternatives face a demanding market: they must deliver taste, creaminess, functionality, and a solid nutritional and sustainability profile\u2014while remaining affordable. The cornerstone for creating high-quality dairy analogues is the dairy fermentation process. Fermentation can be used not only to develop the final product, but also to obtain or enhance ingredients that elevate the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":304,"featured_media":185161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1971],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-185168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technological-innovation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dairy Fermentation Processes for Quality Alternatives<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover how the dairy fermentation processes enables high-quality dairy alternatives through advanced technologies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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