{"id":181157,"date":"2025-07-17T12:36:41","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T10:36:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/?p=181157"},"modified":"2026-04-10T11:25:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T10:25:55","slug":"what-role-does-the-intestinal-microbiota-play-in-the-development-of-obesity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/ainia-news\/what-role-does-the-intestinal-microbiota-play-in-the-development-of-obesity\/","title":{"rendered":"What Role Does the Intestinal Microbiota Play in the Development of Obesity?"},"content":{"rendered":"<html><body><div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW19356869 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW19356869 BCX8\">[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW19356869 BCX8\">sharp rise in obesity rates over the past few decades has led researchers to explore explanations beyond diet and physical <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW19356869 BCX8\">inactivity<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW19356869 BCX8\">. Among the most significant emerging factors is the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW19356869 BCX8\">intestinal microbiota, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW19356869 BCX8\">the diverse community of microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tract and actively <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW19356869 BCX8\">participate<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW19356869 BCX8\"> in metabolic, immune, and digestive functions. Its composition, diversity, and functionality are <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW19356869 BCX8\">directly linked<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW19356869 BCX8\"> to the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW19356869 BCX8\" data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240,\"335559740\":279}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Intestinal Microbiota: A Key Player in Digestion, Gut Microbiota Weight Loss, and Immune Function<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":299,\"335559739\":299,\"335559740\":279}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> intestinal microbiota <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">not only plays a central role in nutrient digestion and absorption but also carries out key metabolic functions such as:<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240,\"335559740\":279}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Synthesising essential vitamins<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (e.g., B vitamins and vitamin K)<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240,\"335559740\":279}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Extracting energy<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> from indigestible dietary compounds like fibre<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240,\"335559740\":279}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Regulating the immune system\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Additionally,<\/span><strong> intestinal microbiota<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> helps protect the host against pathogens through competitive exclusion and the production of antimicrobial compounds, while also supporting the integrity of the intestinal barrier.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240,\"335559740\":279}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In individuals with <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">obesity, reduced microbial diversity and changes in the relative abundance of dominant bacterial <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">phyla<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2014particularly an increased <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> ratio\u2014have been observed. These alterations can enhance the efficiency of energy extraction from food and promote a state of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">low-grade chronic inflammation<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, both of which contribute to <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">w<\/span><\/b><strong>eight gain and metabolic imbalances.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Moreover, microbial metabolites such as <\/span><strong>short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2014acetate, propionate, and butyrate\u2014act as key metabolic modulators. These compounds influence lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, appetite regulation via hormones like GLP-1 and PYY, gut motility, and immune responses, reinforcing the microbiota\u2019s central role in maintaining physiological homeostasis.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240,\"335559740\":279}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Modulating the Intestinal Microbiota Through Functional Ingredients<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":299,\"335559739\":299,\"335559740\":279}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-181229\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Microbiota-EN-1024x680.png\" alt=\" Infographic showing three strategies for modulating intestinal microbiota: probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics \" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Microbiota-EN-1024x680.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Microbiota-EN-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Microbiota-EN-768x510.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Microbiota-EN.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The <\/span><strong>intestinal microbiota<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> is highly sensitive to dietary components. As a result, one of the most promising approaches to preventing and managing obesity involves <\/span><strong>modulating microbiota using functional ingredients<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fermentable fibres. To ensure the efficacy of these solutions, it is essential to understand<\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/technological-services\/health-and-wellness\/health\/testing-in-dynamic-colonic-fermentation-gastrointestinal-digester-microbiota-modulation\/\"> how functional ingredients interact with the digestive system<\/a><\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2014and with the microbiota in particular.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240,\"335559740\":279}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This strategy supports emerging evidence linking <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">gut microbiota weight loss<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> mechanisms to the intake of targeted ingredients that promote a more<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> favourable microbial composition<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. By shifting the microbial balance, it\u2019s possible to enhance satiety, reduce low-grade inflammation, and support metabolic efficiency\u2014key factors in long-term weight management.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":1,\"335551620\":1,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240,\"335559740\":279}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><strong>Probiotics: Microorganisms That Support Intestinal Balance\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Probiotics<\/strong> are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, provide health benefits to the host. Various probiotic strains have demonstrated their ability to <strong>modify the composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota<\/strong>, survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract, and act directly on the intestinal epithelium and immune system. For instance, strains such as <\/span><strong><i>Lactobacillus casei<\/i><\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong> DN 114-001 and CRL 431<\/strong> have shown positive effects in microbial modulation and enhancement of both intestinal and systemic immunity.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><strong>Prebiotics: Functional Nutrients for Beneficial Bacteria<\/strong><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":281,\"335559739\":281}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Prebiotics<\/strong> are non-digestible ingredients \u2014 such as specific oligosaccharides \u2014 that selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria like bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the colon. Their effects include improved<strong> mineral and vitamin absorption, strengthening of the intestinal barrier, and reduced risk of digestive and inflammatory disorders.<\/strong> Commonly studied prebiotic compounds include inulin and<strong> fructooligosaccharides (FOS).<\/strong><\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><strong>Synbiotics and Fermented Foods: Synergy for Intestinal Health\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The<strong> combination of probiotics and prebiotics<\/strong>, known as <strong>synbiotics<\/strong>, together with other bioactive compounds derived from fermented foods, is fuelling the development of functional foods aimed at<strong> restoring the balance of the intestinal ecosystem and supporting metabolic health.<\/strong><\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These products can be easily integrated into daily diets without requiring changes in eating habits and can deliver <strong>measurable physiological effects<\/strong>, particularly relevant in cases such as obesity, chronic inflammation, or metabolic syndrome.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Technologies for Studying the Effectiveness of Functional Ingredients\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For these products to be truly effective, it is essential to understand how they interact with the digestive system and, specifically, with the<strong> intestinal microbiota.<\/strong> In this context, in vitro digestive simulation models are key tools. These systems accurately replicate the conditions of the human digestive tract, including the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/technological-services\/health-and-wellness\/health\/testing-in-dynamic-colonic-fermentation-gastrointestinal-digester-microbiota-modulation\/\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">colonic fermentation phase, <\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">enabling:<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"19\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Assessment of the<strong> bioaccessibility<\/strong> of functional ingredients<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"19\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Study of <strong>microbial modulation<\/strong> induced by different compounds<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"19\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Analysis of<strong> key metabolite production<\/strong>, such as SCFAs<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"19\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Prediction of the <strong>potential effectiveness of functional foods and supplements<\/strong><\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Incorporating such tools in the<strong> R&amp;D phase<\/strong> of new foods, supplements, or nutraceuticals not only ensures scientific rigour but also facilitates the design of <strong>more effective, safe and consumer-oriented product<\/strong>s. At AINIA, we develop and apply advanced <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/technological-services\/health-and-wellness\/health\/in-vitro-testing-in-dynamic-gastrointestinal-digester-bioaccessib-and-cell-culture-tests-biodisp\/\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">in vitro technologies<\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to scientifically evaluate the impact of ingredients and products on digestive and metabolic health, accelerating their validation and market entry.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Evaluating the Impact on the Intestinal Microbiota Using In Vitro Digestive Models<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"134245418\":true,\"134245529\":true,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":299,\"335559739\":299}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To verify whether a functional ingredient can truly modulate the <strong>intestinal microbiota<\/strong> favourably, it is essential to have access to<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/technological-services\/health-and-wellness\/health\/testing-in-dynamic-colonic-fermentation-gastrointestinal-digester-microbiota-modulation\/\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> in vitro digestive simulation models<\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> that accurately reproduce the physiological conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These systems enable the study of <strong>interactions between the ingredient and colonic microbiota<\/strong> under controlled conditions, simulating key aspects of the digestive process.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-181173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/digestores-dinamicos-dos-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"In vitro dynamic gastrointestinal simulators used for studying intestinal microbiota and evaluating functional ingredients related to gut microbiota weight loss\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/digestores-dinamicos-dos-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/digestores-dinamicos-dos-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/digestores-dinamicos-dos-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/digestores-dinamicos-dos.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<h3 aria-level=\"3\"><strong>What Do In Vitro Digestive Models Offer?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Reliable simulation<\/strong> of real digestive conditions, including pH, transit time, enzyme activity and bile salts at each stage (oral, gastric, intestinal and colonic)<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Evaluation of colonic fermentation<\/strong> and microbial composition and activity changes in response to an ingredient or food matrix<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Quantification of bioactive metabolites<\/strong> such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which play roles in metabolism, immunity and gut signalling<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Reproducible, ethical, and cost-effective results<\/strong> that help predict real physiological effects without the need for early-stage in vivo studies<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In some cases, in vitro <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/technological-services\/health-and-wellness\/health\/testing-in-dynamic-colonic-fermentation-gastrointestinal-digester-microbiota-modulation\/\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">models of gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation <\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">incorporate cellular models representing the gastrointestinal barrier, allowing evaluation of key parameters such as <strong>intestinal permeability and immune response<\/strong>. Advanced technologies such as intestinal <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">organoids and organ-on-chip<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> devices recreate the architecture and function of the intestinal epithelium, enabling a more physiologically relevant analysis of microbial interactions and ingredient effects on the mucosal barrier. These approaches offer reproducible, ethical and cost-effective results and reduce the need for initial in vivo experimentation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Additionally, the use of such models aligns with the<strong> 3Rs principles in animal experimentation<\/strong>:<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"21\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Replacement<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>:<\/strong> substituting animal use with in vitro or ex vivo systems when scientifically viable<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"21\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Reduction<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>:<\/strong> allowing better selection of conditions and compounds that justify subsequent studies in animal or human models<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"21\" data-list-defn-props='{\"335552541\":1,\"335559683\":0,\"335559684\":-2,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}' data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Refinement<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>:<\/strong> improving experimental conditions to minimise animal stress and impact when their use is necessary<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Modulating the intestinal microbiota through functional ingredients offers a promising strategy for preventing or treating metabolic disorders. However, it requires robust scientific evidence. In this regard, in vitro digestive simulation models provide a controlled framework to <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">evaluate the behaviour of an ingredient along the gastrointestinal tract<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, its impact on the intestinal microbiota and its ability to generate beneficial effects, making them key tools in modern gut microbiota weight loss strategies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props='{\"134233117\":false,\"134233118\":false,\"335551550\":0,\"335551620\":0,\"335559738\":240,\"335559739\":240}'>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/span><br>\n<br><em><strong>Funded by the aid program for hiring young professionals specialized in internationalization<\/strong><\/em><br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-191111\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Imagen1-1024x109.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Imagen1-1024x109.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Imagen1-300x32.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Imagen1-768x82.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Imagen1-1536x164.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Imagen1.png 1878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/body><\/html>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The sharp rise in obesity rates over the past few decades has led researchers to explore explanations beyond diet and physical inactivity. Among the most significant emerging factors is the intestinal microbiota, the diverse community of microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tract and actively participate in metabolic, immune, and digestive functions. Its composition, diversity, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":236,"featured_media":181164,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1971],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-181157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technological-innovation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Role Does the Intestinal Microbiota Play in Obesity?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore how the intestinal microbiota influences obesity and how to evaluate it using in vitro digestion models.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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Tom\u00e1s","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e3518fd6fcfce50ee25be478f2f63aecd5107ff3988526baf021db5e941b021?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e3518fd6fcfce50ee25be478f2f63aecd5107ff3988526baf021db5e941b021?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e3518fd6fcfce50ee25be478f2f63aecd5107ff3988526baf021db5e941b021?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Lidia Tom\u00e1s"},"description":"Soy Lidia Tom\u00e1s, responsable del equipo de Estudios Precl\u00ednicos con modelos in vitro en AINIA, donde trabajo desde 2005 liderando proyectos de investigaci\u00f3n orientados a la evaluaci\u00f3n de ingredientes funcionales, nutrac\u00e9uticos y cosm\u00e9ticos. Mi especialidad se centra en el desarrollo de modelos avanzados que simulan el tracto gastrointestinal y la fermentaci\u00f3n col\u00f3nica, as\u00ed como \u00f3rganos diana mediante t\u00e9cnicas como cultivo celular, bioimpresi\u00f3n 3D y \u00f3rganos-on-chip. Doctora en Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular por la Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, combino una s\u00f3lida formaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica con experiencia en gesti\u00f3n y transferencia tecnol\u00f3gica. Colaboro con empresas de los sectores alimentario, cosm\u00e9tico y nutrac\u00e9utico para impulsar soluciones innovadoras basadas en evidencia cient\u00edfica. He participado en proyectos nacionales e internacionales como PHARMANOVA, MEAT4FUTURE y PATHWAY-27, y soy miembro activo de redes como INFOGEST, INFOGUT y Food4Life. Adem\u00e1s, imparto formaci\u00f3n especializada en congresos y jornadas sectoriales, contribuyendo a la divulgaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica y al avance de la investigaci\u00f3n aplicada.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/contactar-lidia-tomas\/","=https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/public-profile\/settings?lipi=urnlipaged_flagship3_profile_self_edit_contact-infoSUVPYk6QOSvsEj2ZXWSXQ"],"url":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/ainia-news\/author\/lidia-tomas-cobos\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/236"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=181157"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181157\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":191521,"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181157\/revisions\/191521"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/181164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=181157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=181157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ainia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=181157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}